HSK 7–9 · adverb
乃
to be; namely; therefore; only then
失败乃成功之母。
Shībài nǎi chénggōng zhī mǔ。
Failure is the mother of success.
这次活动学生、老师乃至家长都参加了。
Zhè cì huódòng xuéshēng、 lǎoshī nǎizhì jiāzhǎng dōu cānjiāle。
Students, teachers, and even parents took part in this event.